Hello guys, i just want to share this very informative link http://jenaisle.com/2010/08/27/seminal-analysis-and-its-significance/ made by my teachers, it tackles about common reasons why seminal analysis is performed and sometimes necessary for a diagnosis, it also include precautions in collection and processing of the specimen, very helpful to students as well as for those people that wants an information about the test. :)
For comments,suggestions,violent/violet reactions, or if you just want to have a date with me ( sure why not?) just email me at eds_cut3@yahoo.com..
i cannot able to fix my comment box. so just email me. ok?
take care always..
Saturday, August 28, 2010
Significance of SEMINAL ANALYSIS..
Posted by eds3lcut3 at 8:24 AM
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
TDM
Cats giving a "THERAPEUTIC" massage.. sooo cute...
According to the book of Clinical Chemistry by Michael bishop:Therapeutic drug monitoring involves the analysis, assessment, and evaluation of circulating concentrations of drugs in whole blood plasma or serum. The main purpose of this is to make sure that a dosage of drug produce a maximum therapeutic effect and less side effects. Most of the time, the safe and effective dosage of a certain drug is fully established so therefor TDM is not needed. however some drugs the dosage and it's therapeutic effects/side effects is weak and you don't know the dose that should be used.
The standard dosage is derived from observations in a healthy population. Again TDM provides a basis for establishing a rational dosage regimen to fit individual situations.
Indications of TDM
- Drugs with narrow therapeutic index (NTP) should be monitored.
example : Lithium serum concentrations of 0.8-1.2 mmol/L are effective, but 1.2-2 mmol/L may cause apathy, lethargy, muscle weakness. greater than 2 mmol/ may lead to coma, seizures. Determination of serum lithium is commonly done by ion-selective electrode. Flame emission photometry and atomic absorption methods are also used.
-Patients who have impaired clearance of a drug with a narrow therapeutic index are candidates of drug monitoring.
example: patient's with renal failure.
- Drugs whose toxicity is difficult to distinguish from a patients underlying disease may require monitoring.
example: Theopylline
- Drugs whose efficacy is difficult to establish clinically may require monitoring.
example: Phenytoin
Routes of Administration
For a drug to express a therapeutic effect, it should be at it's correct concentration. Drug can be administered by several routes. IV (intravenous),IM (intramuscular) SQ (subcutaneous). they can be inhaled or absorb through the skin (transcutaneous). Rectal delivery (suppository) is commonly used in infants and in some situations wherein oral delivery is unavailable.
Absorption
For orally administered drugs, gastro intestinal tract is the one at work, however changes in intestinal motility,pH,inflammation as well as food and other drugs may greatly change the normal absorption.
First-Pass metabolism - Certain drugs are subjected to significant hepatic uptake and metabolism during passage to the liver.
reference : Clinical Chemistry principles,procedures,correlations 5th edition by
Michael L. Bishop
Edward P. Fody
Larry E. Schoeff
for comments/suggestions/violent reactions/ or if just want to have a date with me email me at
eds_cut3@yahoo.com
thx for reading. :)
Posted by eds3lcut3 at 9:43 AM
Wednesday, July 21, 2010
Nope
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yeungheilam/2621623850/
" ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF DRUG TESTING BEFORE ADMISSION IN SCHOOL? "
A question asked to us by our teacher in clinical chemistry, so what do you think? are you in favor? kanina while in the class room my friend ask me:
Friend1: Ano favor ka?
Me:(stares at my friend) and say "Dark Mocha Frapp" <-- used to be my favorite order in starbucks.
Friend2: Laughing his A** out. and says to me "BINGE"
Friend1: Engot sabi ko favor kaba sa drug testing before admission!? hindi ko sinabing anong flavor ka!?
Me: ah.. sorry, make it clear, i thought you said "ANONG FLAVOR KA?" hehe..
anyways in my opinion i am NOT IN FAVOR of drug testing before admission.
Friend1 & 2: WHY?
Friend 3: Maybe your taking DRUGS? (laughing)
Me: Tae hindi, it depends naman, for example giving a situation wherein i am taking illegal drugs, and then i want to enter in a university that i know they do drug testing before admission, 1st of all if i already know that the school have that policy, months before ill do some research,some techniques para mag negative ang result and stop temporarily taking of drugs, para sa day ng admission mag negative ang results ng test ko, which mean it is really not effective because i can do something to evade the test. i should suggest that mag lagay nalang sila sa policy ng RANDOM DRUG TESTING after admission nalang, para unpredictable yung test, hindi mo alam kung kelan at kung sino ang itetest.
Friend 2: Actually my point ka..
Friend 4 & 5: Tara DOTA na?
Me: Dapat din ata mag lagay din itong school ng DOTA ADDICTION TESTING BEFORE ADMISSION eh..
haha.. that's all.. thx for reading..
ill go back with listening with nina's wonderful voice and pretty MUSIC. :)
For comments,suggestions,violent reactions, or if you just want to have a date with me, just email me @ eds_cut3@yahoo.com
my comment box is not working and i dun know how to fix it. t.t
Posted by eds3lcut3 at 6:55 AM
Tuesday, July 6, 2010
TOXICology
Okay, here I am once again coming from a stressful day, feeling “TOXIC”. Yah, toxic because I came up from school, Too many things to do, appointments to make, patience to wait (especially on my slow-as-turtle-net) what else do you want to wish for? By the way maybe you are wondering about why the word TOXICOLOGY is my title. Let me give you a small introduction, toxicology is the study of adverse effects of chemicals on a living man, “side effects “ to make thing’s clear, so did you encounter toxicology in your life? If don’t remember or if you want to experience it in your life then be MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY student! Then find out for yourself. ;D
Alcohol is a harmful toxin and the organ that is responsible for detoxifying harmful substance is the liver, maybe you are wondering why is that when you drink a lot why is that you vomit a lot? Just a little trivia again, you vomit because the liver cannot detoxify the excess alcohol in the body that’s why our body will tend to get rid out of it by means of vomiting.
In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is then further oxidized into harmless acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde and then into acetic acid. Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to a toxication-induced delayed poisoning called hangover, Various factors contribute, including the toxication of ethanol itself to acetaldehyde, the direct toxic effects and toxication of impurities called congeners, and dehydration. The hangover starts after the euphoric effects of alcohol itself have subsided, typically in the night and morning after alcoholic drinks were consumed.
So why is Alcohol toxic?
trivia again before we start, did you know that the word "toxic" came from a latin word called "intoxicare" which means "to poison". now back to the topic the alcohol when it reaches the nerve cell membranes the alcohol changes the function of nerve cells and thus affect behavior. that change in behavior is called intoxication.
It can hardly tell whether you have a over dossage of alcohol because of variations of weight, sex , and body fat. meaning if you are underweight, you are easily be get intoxicated because you have a small amount of water in the body and water in the body helps in dissolving alchol, next one is sex females are easily get intoxicated too because females have a small body area, lesser volume of blood, rather than in males.
For more understanding this table from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content will help you determine Blood alcohol content (BAC) and it's effects. BAC leves of 50% is very lethal for everyone.
Progressive effects of alcohol | ||
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BAC (%) | Behavior | Impairment |
0.010–0.029 |
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0.030–0.059 |
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0.06–0.10 |
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0.11–0.20 |
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0.21–0.29 |
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0.30–0.39 |
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≥0.40 |
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For better understanding you can refer to this sites
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication
Groilers Encyclopedia : Alcoholism
Thanks for reading, take care and god bless..
okay im done..
out for a while see you later..;) muahxx
for those who wants to comment, just email your comments to eds_cut3@yahoo.com
my comment box is not working and i dont know how to fix it. -.-
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Posted by eds3lcut3 at 5:20 AM
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
Clin..Chem...break..
,. So next week is what my classmates say " the sunog kilay week" don't know why? EXAMS!! who like exams? Like you, me too, but it's the way of evaluating what you have learned in the school so it's part of the school life and it's one of the most important thing that you have to accept. di bale 1 week lang naman kaya yan!! (hope so).
Posted by eds3lcut3 at 6:52 AM 1 comments
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Test for Releasing Hormones...
- Patients with normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) respond by
- increasing the levels of TSH following TRH injection.
- Patients with compromised HPA function may exhibit a delayed, blunted, or absent response to TRH administration.
Posted by eds3lcut3 at 7:08 AM 0 comments
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
The Hypothalamus and its releasing hormones
i also used this site as my refferences.
meow...^^,
Posted by eds3lcut3 at 5:01 AM 2 comments